New Plant protection biologicals: wheat needles will

September 01, 2003

Breeding to improve plant productivity has led to a decrease in their immunity, resistance to pathogens and extreme environmental factors. For this resistance corresponds to the so-called latent genes, which are in the low activity state. Are they awake?

Answering this question affirmatively, scientists from the Novosibirsk Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture them. PP Lukyanenko and VNII Agrochemistry (VM Chekurov, SI Sergeev, LD Zhalieva, VE Kozlov, and VV Vakulenko) propose tapping reserves of plant conifers.

The use of biologically active substances (BAS) - a promising way to protect your plants. It is not based on the direct suppression of pathogens, and the induction of the natural capacity of plants, aimed at improving resistance to pathogens and their pressure on.

From the needles of Siberian fir established drug "Novosil. When handling them in the experimental conditions, the seeds of wheat cultivars Saratovskaya 29 and Novosibirsk 89, as the flow rate 50 ml / m increased resistance of plants to root rot, powdery mildew and septariose. Tillering in both variants increased respectively by 9,5 and 36%. From the earliest stages of germination of seeds increased power plants.

In Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast in the dry in 1998, implementation of the Novosil "brought together by 12-16 tons per hectare instead of the usual 7-9 - by increasing tillering, number of grains in the ear and weight of 1000 grains.

In the Krasnodar Territory in the winter wheat biological effectiveness of the drug "Novosil" with the flow rate of 50 and 10ml / t of seed was 50 and 51.8%. It was received by a significant increase in the yield on 3,5-3,7 kg / ha.

When processing vegetative plants "Novosil" (200 ml / ha) retarded the development of powdery mildew and leaf spot. Yield increased by 4.5 tons per hectare.

As a result, further research has been allocated 20 new drugs not only of fir, and larch, pine, spruce. Greatest activity had "RastStim", "Lariksin", "Biostim" and "Srezar. Preparations obtained from the needles, wood, roots and bark of coniferous trees, increased the resistance of wheat to various kinds of diseases. Moreover, in different varieties of wheat, this effect was observed in different ways. Thus, "Lariksin", "RastStim" and "Srezar" very effective against a number of diseases of wheat, are highly effective in suppressing the development of both powdery mildew and rust. Preparations of the same fir needles were quite effective in the defeat of wheat powdery mildew, but the rust affected worse.

Effective considered drugs that reached the biological effectiveness of more than 60% and reduced plant damage below the threshold of harm: for powdery mildew - the defeat of 15-20% of the flaglista; for rust - 40%.

Increasing immunity of plants under the influence of biological products from softwood significantly increases the productivity not only in melkodelyanochnyh experiments, but also large areas. For example, in the Stavropol region processing of winter wheat varieties in the Kingfisher field agents "Srezar", "Lariksin", "RastStim" and "Novosil" gave a maximum increase of a crop of 6,5; 5,4, 4,5 and 2,8 M / ha, respectively.

Thus, preparations of coniferous trees can be attributed to a biogenic elicitor, which in small concentrations, aiming induce immune systems of plant tissue, causing in some cases, systemic, long non-specific resistance. The results indicate the prospects of using drugs as a clean, efficient biostimulators productivity and immunity wheat.

Currently, the drug "Srezar" referred to the state tests as a regulator of plant growth and inducer of immunity, "Novosil", "Lariksin" and "RastStim already a registered in the State directory of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of Russia.

Source: Journal of Agrarian EXPERT